6A) Animals
Vocabulary
- bird: ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°
- fish: ΡΠΈΠ±Π°
- mouse: ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠ°
- snake: Π·ΠΌΠΈΡ
- animal: ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ
- cow: ΠΊΡΠ°Π²Π°
- goat: ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°
- horse: ΠΊΠΎΠ½
- pig: ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅
- elephant: ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½
- duck: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
- lion: Π»ΡΠ²
- monkey: ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΌΡΠ½Π°
- rabbit: Π·Π°Π΅ΠΊ
- spider: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ
- tail: ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°
- wing: ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ
Exceptions
Most of these words have regular plurals and definite forms. However, here are a couple of exceptions:
ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ (animal) - plural: ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ, definite plural: ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠ½ (horse) has an irregular plural: ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ (like ΠΌΡΠΆ/ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅). It also has an irregular definite form: ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ when it's the subject of the sentence, and ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ when it's the object.
There are quite a few masculine words that use the -ΡΡ/-Ρ definite article. For example: Π΄Π΅Π½ (day), Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ/Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ (the day).
ΠΠ°Π΅ΠΊ (rabbit) - plural: Π·Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ.
It is a general rule that masculine words ending in -ΠΊ have a plural in -ΡΠΈ. The plural of ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ (spider) is ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈ. However, the ΠΊ remains in the numeral plural: Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° (two spiders), Π΄Π²Π° Π·Π°Π΅ΠΊΠ° (two rabbits).
Generalizing statements
To sound natural in Bulgarian, you should use definite forms for subjects and non-definite forms for objects when making generalizing statements. For example, "women like cats" would translate as "ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ".
Note how the subject has the -ΡΠ΅ definite article, but the object doesn't.
However, if you wanted to say that specific women like specific cats, it would be correct to say: "ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅" (the women like the cats).